Ivano-Frankivsk heavy and light cast iron hatch, cast iron circle (blank), cast iron bushings SCH20, VCh, polymer sand hatch, plastic hatch

Ivano-Frankivsk heavy and light cast iron hatch, cast iron circle (blank), cast iron bushings SCH20, VCh, polymer sand hatch, plastic hatch

Cast iron hatches are of the following types:
Easy. This manhole is installed on the manhole of the engineering urban communication of thermal, gas, cable networks, water supply, sewerage, in the green area and the pedestrian zone.
It is characterized by such technical characteristics:

     rated load - 30 kN;
     full opening of the hatch - 60 centimeters;
     installation depth - 4 centimeters;
     dimensions - 77 x 77 x 8.5 centimeters;
     weight - 64 kilograms.

Heavy. This manhole is installed on the manhole of engineering urban communications of thermal, gas, cable networks, water supply, sewerage, as well as on roads, which are characterized by a large and intense load.
Cast iron hatches: technical specifications
It is characterized by such technical characteristics:

     rated load - 250 kN;
     full opening of the hatch - 58 centimeters;
     installation depth - 4 centimeters;
     dimensions - 80.5 x 80.5 x 10 centimeters;
     weight - 89 kilograms;
     hull weight - 39 kilograms;
     cover weight - 50 kilograms.

Notation
Whether a cast iron hatch is heavy or light, they have something in common. On the cover of each hatch, a letter is indicated, which means a particular area of \u200b\u200bapplication:

     K - sewerage;
     T - telephony;
     D - rain sewer;
     B - plumbing;
     G - fire hydrant;
     GTS - used for city telephone communications.

Each hatch is installed strictly according to the rules of use. Cast iron hatches are manufactured by specialized iron foundries that have manufacturing permits, use appropriate materials, equipment, technologies and act in accordance with GOST.
Under the roadway, in areas with green spaces, there are underground utilities. For their maintenance, as well as the performance of repair work, manholes are provided. To ensure the safety of movement, heavy, light cast-iron hatches are installed. Each of the types performs a number of tasks, differs from other products in this category in characteristics, so it is important to use them for their intended purpose.
Features of hatch type L
When comparing, take into account the dimensions, purpose, scope, weight, grade of cast iron. For example, hatch L has another designation - A15. These are light products.
They can withstand loads up to 1.5 tons. This is a fairly small pressure (when compared with analogues for other purposes), respectively, this type of hatch can only be used where the traffic is moderate and low: in the area of green spaces, recreation, on sidewalks, footpaths. Technical characteristics of the lung cast-iron hatch of the simplest model of this group:
grade of cast iron СЧ20;
weight 60 kg;
Cast iron circle is produced at the factory using various casting methods: in cold-casting systems, in the ground, according to burnt models, by centrifugal method. The main advantages of a circle made of cast iron: increased hardness, high strength, do not deform when heated. Components for machine tools, shafts, engines, presses are made from it.
The process of making circles depends on the method of casting, but in each case, special model equipment is used from wood, metal, gypsum, polystyrene. Due to the well-established sales structure, cast iron circles can be purchased from the following diameters: 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 280, 300, 320 mm.
Cast iron circle
Types of cast iron circles:
Circle cast iron warhead - has high brittleness and hardness and is most often used for remelting into steel or obtaining more malleable grades of cast iron. The carbon content of 2.0-3.8% is in a bound state in the form of iron carbide Cementite - Fe3C. Contains ledeburite and does not contain graphite.
Cast iron circle SCH GOST 1412-85 - properties
Cast iron wheel MF is an alloy of iron with carbon, in which graphite is present in the form of flaky, lamellar or fibrous inclusions. Wheels made of cast iron have low sensitivity to the influence of external stress concentrators under cyclic loads, a high absorption coefficient of vibrations during vibrations of parts (2-4 times higher than that of steel), high anti-friction properties (the presence of graphite improves lubrication conditions during friction).

Sv - temporary tensile strength;
R - density;
E - linear shrinkage;
Е×10-2 - tensile modulus;
G - specific heat at a temperature of 20 to 200°C;
A - Coefficient of linear expansion at temperatures from 20 to 200°C;
L - thermal conductivity at 20°C.
case dimensions: 750x72 mm;
cover size - 630 mm;
There is also a type of hatch L with a hinge, as well as with a hinge and a lock. They have a different way of lifting - there is a mount, the direction of movement is to the side.
T hatch features
Another designation is C250. Products of this group can withstand loads up to 25 tons. This means that they can be used in high traffic areas.narrow. For example, it is advisable to locate hatches T on the roads, including the carriageway with heavy traffic. They are designed for wells for various purposes:
sewerage;
plumbing;
gas networks;
cable networks.
Depending on the purpose, the designation letter (applied marking) changes. Technical characteristics of hatch T of the simplest model of this group:
weight 89 kg (body and cover);
grade of cast iron СЧ20;
dimensions: 805x805x100 mm.
There are also varieties: a product with a hinge and a hinge, a lock.
Comparison of hatches by main parameters
Key points that make it easy to distinguish between hatches of different types:
scope: on the roads there are only products T, in the green zone, as well as on the sidewalks - L;
weight and dimensions: during an external examination, and then when lifting, the covers are unmistakably distinguished (T is larger, heavier).
When comparing such products, one can note the shape, pattern on the outside of the hatch.
Cast iron wheel MF is an alloy of iron with carbon, in which graphite is present in the form of flaky, lamellar or fibrous inclusions. Wheels made of cast iron have low sensitivity to the influence of external stress concentrators under cyclic loads, a high absorption coefficient of vibrations during vibrations of parts (2-4 times higher than that of steel), high anti-friction properties (the presence of graphite improves lubrication conditions during friction).
Sv - temporary tensile strength;
Cast iron bushings.
These are parts of a conical or cylindrical shape, which, due to their high strength and casting properties, as well as low cost and ease of processing, have been widely used in industry. Cast iron stuffing box bushings, for valves, centrifugal, antifriction and other purposes are used:

     in engineering,
     in the mining industry,
     at oil refineries,
     cement factories,
     in brick production
     in the construction industry.

Their use is characterized by the properties and characteristics of the grade of cast iron from which they are cast, but the main qualities include:

     excellent vibration absorption,
     wear resistance,
     antifriction,
     crack resistance,
     heat resistance,
     good impact strength.

With all the advantages of cast iron bushings, the brittleness of cast iron compared to steels should be taken into account; products made of gray cast iron should not be used in impact mechanisms.
Casting in XTS is a method of manufacturing bushings using various sand, artificial resin is used as a binder. To harden the tooling, blowing with gas catalysts - amines (organic compounds that are derivatives of ammonia, in the molecule of which one, two or three hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon radicals) is used. The exact dosage of the amine evaporated in the heating device and the purge of the sleeve with a cast-iron vapor-gas mixture (amine vapor in the carrier gas) under a pressure of 0.03 - 0.30 MPa is carried out using a pneumatic evaporation apparatus. Then the bushing is blown with dried air in order to remove the spent amine by supplying the latter to the neutralizer. The chemical reaction of the amine increases with an increase in its concentration in the gas mixture (amine + inert carrier). When dry air is used as a carrier (moisture in any form is contraindicated in this process), the amine concentrate is limited to 1.5-2% to suppress accidental explosion. The shape of the sleeve is made of wood. Special software controls robotic machines that allow you to make pattern equipment from wood of any configuration. Model equipment is manufactured in accordance with GOST 3212-92.