Poltava sheet, circle tool steel U8A, HVG, 9XC, 5HNM, R6M5, spring-loaded 65G

Tool steel, carbon or alloy steel is used for the manufacture of cutting and measuring tools, cold and hot deformation dies, as well as machine parts that experience increased wear under moderate dynamic loads.
Often, tool steel contains more than 0.6–0.7% C; the exception is die steels for hot deformation, containing 0.3-0.6% C. To improve the performance properties, tool steel is subjected to heat treatment (quenching, tempering), as a result of which the hardness of tool steel rises to 60–66 HRC, the bending strength is 2.5–3.5 Gn/m2 (250–350 kgf/mm2).
With an increase in hardness, the wear resistance of tool steel also increases - the ability to maintain the same dimensions and shape of the working surface during friction with high pressures.
Tool steels alloyed with chromium and manganese have higher hardenability and hardenability than carbon steels. Increased red hardness of tool steel - the ability to maintain high hardness and wear resistance at temperatures up to 500-700 ° C - is achieved by alloying steels with tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium. Depending on the resistance to heat that occurs during operation, tool steel is divided into three groups
 Steels with low heat resistance retain high hardness up to 150–200°C, are used for cutting soft materials at low speed and for cold deformation. Carbon steels of this group are characterized by low hardenability - products with a diameter (thickness) of more than 15–20 mm receive high hardness (up to 65 HRC) during quenching only in a thin surface layer, while maintaining a soft and ductile core. Due to the increased deformation during quenching with cooling in water, carbon steel is mainly used to make simple-shaped tools - files, countersinks, hand taps, etc. Having slightly better hardenability, low-alloy steels are used for tools of small sections that require high and uniform hardness: hacksaw blades for manual cutting of metals, razor blades, circular saws for wood, etc. Alloy steels of this group have increased hardenability (from 25–100 mm ) and are used for measuring instruments, rings and balls of rolling bearings, dies of complex shape, etc. Steels with increased resistance against heating retain their operational properties when heated to 250–400 °C. These are mainly alloyed steels with a high chromium content (up to 12%). They have increased wear resistance under abrasive wear conditions, since they contain up to 20–30% high hardness chromium and vanadium carbides in the structure: Me7C3 (1200–1400 HV) and MeC (2000 HV). After heat treatment (hardening with cooling in air, in oil or in molten salts at a temperature of 150-180 ° C) they acquire hardness up to 63 HRC. These steels are characterized by high hardenability (up to 300-400 mm) and minimal volumetric changes during hardening. High-chromium steels are used to manufacture large dies that are subject to increased wear, surgical instruments that are resistant to aggressive environments.
Tool carbon steel U8 is used for the manufacture of tools that work without heating the cutting edges - side cutters, combined pliers, screwdrivers, center punches, knurling rollers, circular / longitudinal saws, chisels, chisels, axes, countersinks, cutters, other products. Steel 9XC enjoys a fairly high popularity among consumers of metallurgical products. This is an alloyed tool steel that has received a fairly wide application in industry. To supply the material, the consumer is offered products of shaped and long products - a strip, a circle and a sheet, which are subsequently sent for further processing to obtain the final product. Steel 9xs - characteristics, composition, properties. The main alloying elements in this steel grade are carbon, chromium and silicon. The carbon content in the alloy is about 0.9%, chromium and silicon - up to 1.5%. The composition of the steel determines the high mechanical properties that make it possible to create a tool from this material designed to work in fairly harsh operating conditions. In particular, 9XC steel is used for the manufacture of parts and tools that require increased wear resistance, fatigue strength in torsion, bending, and contact load. Steel 9xs - application. Steel 9XC can be processed in various ways. Including various methods of heat treatment can be used. The use of certain technologies makes it possible to obtain the required properties of metal products for certain areas of use. Due to this, this grade of alloy steel can be used to create a wide range of products with different characteristics and features. Such versatility can be called another important advantage that steel has. A feature of this grade of alloy steel is its poor tendency to weld. Therefore, like most materials of its class, it is not used for the installation of welded structures. Most often, drills, milling cutters, taps and dies for threading, reamers, combs and other parts of industrial equipment and machines are produced from steel of this grade, and grade 9XC is also used for the production of files and other hand tools of increased wear resistance. For the production of manual metalwork tools, a circle and a square, as well as other types of long products, are used. This material is also widely used for the production of knives.