Rivne sheet, circle tool steel U8A, HVG, 9XC, 5HNM, R6M5, spring-loaded 65G

By purpose, tool steel is divided into cutting tool steel, measuring tool steel and die steel. Sintered hard alloys are included in a separate group. U7, U7A For woodworking tools: axes, chisels, chisels; pneumatic tools of small sizes: chisels, crimps, strikers; forging dies; needle wire; metalwork and assembly tools: hammers, sledgehammers, barbs, screwdrivers, combination pliers, needle nose pliers, side cutters, fish hooks, etc. U8, U8A, U8G, U8GA, U9, U9A For the manufacture of tools that work in conditions that do not cause heating of the cutting edge and woodworking: milling cutters, countersinks, forgings, axes, chisels, chisels, longitudinal and circular saws; knurled rollers, plates and cores for die casting molds of tin-lead alloys. For fitter's and assembly tools: crimp for rivets, punches, barbs, screwdrivers, combined pliers, needle nose pliers, side cutters. For calibers of simple shape and reduced accuracy classes; cold-rolled heat-treated strip with a thickness of 2.5 to 0.02 mm, intended for the manufacture of flat and twisted springs and spring parts of complex configuration, valves, probes, reeds, lamellas of splitting knives, structural small parts, including watches, etc. . U10A, U12A For cores. U10, U10A For needle wire. U10, U10A, U11, U11A For the manufacture of tools operating in conditions that do not cause heating of the cutting edge; woodworking: hand-held crosscut saws and carpentry saws, machine carpentry saws, twist drills; cold stamping dies (drawing, upsetting, trimming and punching) of small size and without sharp transitions in cross section; calibers of simple shape and reduced accuracy classes; knurling rollers, files, metal scrapers, etc. For files, scrapers of cold-rolled heat-treated tape with a thickness of 2.5 to 0.02 mm, intended for the manufacture of flat and twisted springs and spring parts of complex configuration, valves, probes, reeds, lamellas of splitting knives , structural small parts, including watches, etc. U12, U12A For hand taps, files, metalwork scrapers; dies for cold forming, trimming and punching small sizes and without sharp transitions in cross section, cold heading punches and dies of small sizes, calibers of simple shape and reduced accuracy classes. U13, U13A For tools with increased wear resistance at moderate and significant specific pressures (without heating the cutting edge); files, razor blades and knives, sharp surgical instruments, scrapers, engraving tools. Tool steel, carbon or alloy steel is used for the manufacture of cutting and measuring tools, cold and hot deformation dies, as well as machine parts that experience increased wear under moderate dynamic loads. Often, tool steel contains more than 0.6–0.7% C; the exception is die steels for hot deformation, containing 0.3-0.6% C. To improve the performance properties, tool steel is subjected to heat treatment (quenching, tempering), as a result of which the hardness of tool steel increases to 60-66 HRC, bending strength - 2.5-3.5 Gn/m2 (250-350 kgf/mm2). With an increase in hardness, the wear resistance of tool steel also increases - the ability to maintain the same dimensions and shape of the working surface during friction with high pressures. Tool steels alloyed with chromium and manganese have higher hardenability and hardenability than carbon steels. Increased red hardness of tool steel - the ability to maintain high hardness and wear resistance at temperatures up to 500-700 ° C - is achieved by alloying steels with tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium. Depending on the resistance to heating that occurs during operation, tool steel is divided into three groups (see table). Steels with low heat resistance retain high hardness up to 150–200°C and are used for cutting soft materials at low speeds and for cold deformation. Carbon steels of this group are characterized by low hardenability - products with a diameter (thickness) of more than 15–20 mm receive high hardness (up to 65 HRC) during quenching only in a thin surface layer, while maintaining a soft and ductile core. Due to the increased deformation during quenching with cooling in water, carbon steel is mainly used to make simple-shaped tools - files, countersinks, hand taps, etc. Having slightly better hardenability, low-alloy steels are used for tools of small sections that require high and uniform hardness: hacksaw blades for manual cutting of metals, razor blades, circular saws for wood, etc. Alloy steels of this group have increased hardenability (from 25–100 mm ) and are used for measuring instruments, rings and balls of rolling bearings, dies of complex shape, etc. Steels with increased resistance against heating retain their operational properties when heated to 250–400 °C. These are mainly alloyed steels with a high chromium content (up to 12%). They have increased wear resistance under abrasive wear conditions, since they contain up to 20–30% high hardness chromium and vanadium carbides in the structure: Me7C3 (1200–1400 HV) and MeC (2000 HV). After heat treatment (quenching with cooling in air, in oil or in molten salts at a temperature of 150-180 ° C), they acquire a hardness of up to 63 HRC. These steels are characterized by high hardenability (up to 300-400 mm) and minimal volumetric changes during hardening. High-chromium steels are used to manufacture large dies that experience increased wear, surgical instruments resistant to aggressive environments, etc. Heat-resistant steels retain their hardness up to 560–700 °C. The main alloying elements of such steels, which provide their red hardness, are tungsten and molybdenum. Steels with a high carbon content (0.7–1.5%) and high hardness (up to 64–68 HRC) are used to make cutting tools; steels with a carbon content of up to 0.4% (die steels), which have lower hardness but better toughness, are used for hot deformation dies, molds for casting metals under pressure, etc.