Ternopil sheet, circle tool steel U8A, HVG, 9XC, 5HNM, R6M5, spring-loaded 65G

Hardening of spring steel is carried out taking into account the following parameters: The method of heating the metal, the nature of the cooling of the material, the ambient temperature. The composition of the metal, the presence and type of alloying additives, the total concentration of carbon. A way to maintain the desired temperature range for hardening. The method of cooling the material after hardening, the method of storing the material. Low-alloy steels are recommended to be heated quickly. Indeed, with slow heating, gradual evaporation of carbon occurs, which is critical for low-alloy materials. However, there is no need to overdo it with the heating rate. If the heating goes very quickly, then uneven heating of the material may occur. Because of this, the risk of the formation of various metal defects (cracks, edges, destruction of corners) increases. The best heating method would be to use two ovens. In the first furnace, the material is gradually heated to 500-700 degrees, and then it enters the second furnace, where the final hardening takes place. It is recommended to use gas ovens for heating. However, during heating, the distribution of heat should be monitored to avoid the appearance of "thermal islands" on the metal. Electric furnaces heat up rather slowly, so their use in this case is problematic from a practical point of view. The only exception to this rule is the hardening of thin metals, which do not need additional uniform heating for obvious reasons. The holding time depends on many parameters, but the average total hardening time is 80 minutes for flame furnaces and 20 minutes for electrical installations. The shape of the product is also of some importance. When working with flat sheets, hardening can be carried out quickly. Whereas in the case of a material with a complex shape, it is recommended to perform additional heating. The best way to cool the material is in the open air. Final thermal holiday To avoid the formation of hard martensitic fractions, it is necessary to carry out thermal tempering immediately after hardening. The temperature regime also depends on which brand of spring steel was hardened. For tempering, both flame and electric furnaces can be used. The type of furnace will also affect the duration of the tempering. Example: steel 65G is recommended to be subjected to high tempering at a temperature of + 400-500 degrees. Cooling method - air. Holding time - 30-150 minutes depending on the type of oven. After hardening, it is recommended to carry out control measures. However, this should be done only after the material has completely cooled, so as not to damage the alloy. Spring steel has a high yield strength. Due to this, the material is easy to compress, but after decompression, it quickly restores its natural shape. As the name implies, various springy connections are made from such steel - springs, rings, brake shoes, friction clutches. Spring steel is obtained by hardening a conventional steel alloy. 50HG, 60G, 70S3A, 85 and other steel grades are suitable for processing. Spring steel has several disadvantages. The main disadvantages are inconvenient cutting and problematic welding. The production of spring steel is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the material is placed in an electric or flame furnace, where the material undergoes thermal hardening. During this procedure, the yield strength increases, but at the same time, martensite is formed in the metal. This material, when solidified, becomes very strong, which negatively affects the properties of the metal. Therefore, after hardening, it is imperative to perform thermal tempering. Such processing will melt the harmful martensite. For tempering, the same furnaces can be used, but the temperature in them must be significantly reduced. After tempering, it is recommended that the metal be placed under open air so that it can cool itself to room temperature. Spring steels: structural, alloyed, marking and heat treatment Spring steel, the grades of which are applicable in the manufacture of tight products, characterized by the restoration of their original shape, with strong bending and significant twisting. The most important parts in the manufacture of mechanisms that experience a variable, repetitive load, under the influence of which there is a strong deformation. As soon as the load stops, these elements return to their original shape. In the work of these parts there is a feature that does not allow residual destruction, it should only be elastic. For spring-spring steels, excessive requirements are imposed in the development. Spring steels: structural, alloyed, marking and heat treatment Spring steel, the grades of which are applicable in the manufacture of tight products, characterized by the restoration of their original shape, with strong bending and significant twisting. The most important details in the production of mechanisms that experience variable